Cooking-stove



S. PIERCE. Cooking Stove.

Patented Dec. 15,1857.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SAMUEL PIERCE, OF TROY, NEIV YORK.

COOKING-STOVE.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 18,859, dated December 15, 1857.

T0 aZZ whom it may concern Be it known that I, SAMUEL PIERCE, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful De vice Applicable to Cooking-Ranges, Cabooses, Cooking-Stoves, and other Apparatus for Cooking lVhere an Oven is E111- ployed; and I do hereby describe and ascertain my said invention and the usual methods of constructing and applying the same. reference being had to the accompanying drawing, in which- Figure 1, is a perspective view, Fig. 2, is a vertical longitudinal section, Fig. 3, a vertical cross section, and Fig. 4:, a top plan, with the rear portion in section, of a cooking stove constructed with my improvements. Fig. 5, is a modification of my air flues, for more general distribution of heat.

My present construction and arrangement of the fire chamber, and air heating fiues, have for their purpose the economizing of fuel in the progress of combustion and a more perfect distribution of heat than has been heretofore attained, by the employment of air as a heat conductor to ovens.

The construction is as follows: The fire chamber is formed by the back plate a, and bottom plate Z); both inclined so as to pro ject the ashes forward into the ash pan 0 below, and in front; the front plate of this fire chamber, lettered (Z, is composed of a series of bars, forming a grate at its lower edge, as seen in the figures, that project nearly down to the plate Z9, the formation of the fire chamber in this way causes bitumin ous coals to burn slow, and steadily, without the aid of any dampers to check the draft, except what is derived from the fire doors. This fire chamber is found equally as well adapted to burn wood, or anthracite coal, as bituminous coal. The solid bottom plate on which the coal or wood rests, prevents its rapid consumption, and keeps a steady economical fire constantly burning.

From the fire chamber the smoke flue 0 leads off back under the top, or boiler plate 8 the whole breadth of the top of the stove to the rear, where it joins the ordinary stove pipe connected at At the rear end of the stove there is a small ascending pipe seen at 9 Fig. 2 in section and Figs. 3, and 4, by dotted lines: this forms an air flue, for the supply of air, which it receives from the apartment in which the stove is situated, through an opening in its lower end; from whence the air conducted upward to a level with the top of the oven, and then through a horizontal flue 72., adjoining flue g, it passes front where it enters chamber 2' which is formed the whole breadth of the fire chamber, be tween the back plate a of the fire chamber, and the inclined front oven plate which is parallel therewith, as is clearly represented in Fig. 2-. The bottom plate 6 of the fire chamber extends across the bottom of the air chamber v', and the back plate a rests 011 it; this plate 6 is pierced with a series of holes through which the air from chamber 2' passes downward, as indicated by the blue arrows, which represent the course of the air current now being described; this, after descending through space is formed between plate Z) and an interior plate Z passes along a horizontal flue at the bottom under a plate Z which is a horizontal extension of plate Z above named that extends back to about the center of the oven as seen in the Fig. 2, where it terminates, and from thence the air flows backward in flue n under the oven to the rear, where it enters, and ascends flue p, into a small chamber q above, which projects up into the space forming the smoke flue 6 above described; on the rear side of chamber q are perforations through which the air escapes into the smoke flue, and passes off, by which means an active draft is maintained. Between plate Z above named and the lower front oven plate, there is an interior air chamber m which is supplied with air through the small apertures in the side plates at t, and when heated this air is drawn ofi' horizontally through small holes below the bottom of the oven and above plate Z which at that point divides the lower air flue, and separates the current of air that I am now describing, and which is indicated in Feg. 2, by red arrows, from that which is designated by blue arrows, at the termination of plate Z both air currents mingle, and flow off together: This interior air chamber m and its adjacent flue, formed by plate Z is for the purpose of regulating the temperature of the oven, by shielding its front end from too intense heat, and carrying back the highest heat to the rear, thus equalizing its action.

I have found it convenient and beneficial to modify the arrangement of the air heating and distributing lines, by which the distribution of heat is improved; this is clearly shown in the vertical section Fig. 5, in which the air fiues g h of Fig. 2, are omitted and all the air enters through the side plates; aperturesw admit the supply of air to chamber a whence it descends under the bottom of the Oven, and up the back as in the former described current, and like it is designated by the blue arrows; at the top of the back flue 70 Fig. 5, there is a short horizontal flue y that turns in over the oven, and opens into an upright collar y, in which the air rises to the top plate, and thence passes forward to a front flue the whole breadth of the top plate, and makes its exit through a row of small apertures at 2, and mingles with the gases from the fire to aid in their combustion. I have sometimes found, with certain fuel, that the upper front corner of the oven in the form Fig. 2, heated too hot, consequently in the modified form Fig. 5, I add above the internal chamber m of Fig. 2, an internal air chamber or passage w Fig. 5, which eX- tend up behind chamber 2' and along the bottom plate of the top flue a sufficient distance to protect that portion of the oven from the too intense heat of chamber 71: air is admitted to this chamber to through side apertures, as at w in chamber 2', the air so admitted descends between the oven and the hot air chamber 2', into chamber m, and thence oft below, as indicated by red arrows, to mingle with the current designated by the blue arrows. as in the first case. At several points the currents of air are intercepted, and retarded, by diaphragms, or plates across the flue, with holes for the air to pass. These serve to impart caloric to the air more efliciently than would otherwise be done, itl'ld add to the more perfect distribution of ieat.

Having thus fully described my new improvement, what I claim as my invention, and for which I desire Letters Patent is,

Equalizing the heat of an oven, heated by a surrounding flue of hot air, by interposing between the fire chamber and that portion of the oven contiguous thereto an air chamber, or flue m, to interior to the main flue 2', between said main or exterior flue and the oven so as to shield that part of the oven from the interior heat of the exterior flue at that point, and thus equalize and diffuse the heat over the whole surface of the oven as herein fully set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

' SAMUEL PIERCE.

In presence of W. H. STANSBURY, WM. FILLEY. 

